Representative complex multidrug-resistance (MDR) regions
A complex MDR region typically has a complicated mosaic structure, which is composed of various intact/partial mobile genetic elements and associated resistance genes and probably assembled after sophisticated events of transposition and homologous recombination. Please see our previous publication for examples 1-4.
Table 1|List of representative MDR regions
| Designation | Accession number | Resistance genes | FASTA sequence | Gene list | GBK-annotation | SQN-annotation | Manual annotation | Gene organization |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDR region from p112298-KPC | KP987215 | blaKPC-2, mph(A), chrA, sul1, qacED1, arr3, catB3, blaOXA-1, aacA4cr, fosA3, and blaCTX-M-14 |  |
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| ARI-B island from p112298-tetA | KY986974 | floR, tetA(A), strB, strA, sul2, blaCMY-2, and sugE | |
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| ARI-A island from pA708-IMP | MF344567 | blaIMP-4, qacG2, aacA4', mer, aacC2, tmrB, blaTEM-1B, aacA4CR, blaOXA-1, catB3, arr3, qacED1, and sul1 | |
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| Tn1403-related region from p727-IMP | MF344568 | aacA4', blaIMP-45, blaOXA-1, catB3, qacED1, sul1, armA, mph(E), tetA(C), dfrA22e, arr2, qnrVC1, and mexCD-oprJ | |
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| MDR region from p427113-Ct1/2 | MH917285 | aacC2, aphA1a, blaKPC-2, mph(A), sul1, qacED1, dfrA25, and mer | |
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| MDR region from p675920-2 | MF133496 | sul2, tetA(A), blaLAP-2, and qnrS1 | |
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| MDR region from pSY153-MDR | KY883660 | aacA4', blaIMP-45, blaOXA-1, catB3, qacED1, sul1, armA, msr(E), mph(E), queG, tetA(C), tetR(C), tetA(G), tetR(G), strB, strA, cmlA9, mexC, mexD, and oprJ | |
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References
1. Feng J, Qiu Y, Yin Z et al. Coexistence of a novel KPC-2-encoding MDR plasmid and an NDM-1-encoding pNDM-HN380-like plasmid in a clinical isolate of Citrobacter freundii. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70: 2987-91.
2. Ma L, Yin Z, Zhang D et al. Comparative genomics of type 1 IncC plasmids from China. Future Microbiol 2017; 12: 1511-22.
3. Liang Q, Jiang X, Hu L et al. Sequencing and genomic diversity analysis of IncHI5 plasmids. Front Microbiol 2018; 9: 3318.
4. Cheng Q, Jiang X, Xu Y et al. Type 1, 2, and 1/2-hybrid IncC plasmids from China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10: 2508.
5. Jiang X, Yin Z, Yuan M et al. Plasmids of novel incompatibility group IncpRBL16 from Pseudomonas species. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75 (8): 2093-100.